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快3平台2023-01-31 16:05

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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强化中医药知识产权司法保护******

  近日,《最高人民法院关于加强中医药知识产权司法保护的意见》(以下简称《意见》)发布。《意见》提出了加强中医药知识产权司法保护的总体要求,并就强化审判职能,健全中医药知识产权综合保护体系提出具体措施,旨在回应中医药知识产权全链条保护的需求,积极推动构建中医药知识产权大保护格局。

  中医药是中华民族的瑰宝,对于防病治病、维护人民健康具有极其重要的价值。从以往司法实践来看,中医药知产案件总体数量偏少、司法解纷选择不足,案件类型集中、保护覆盖不全,审理周期较长、专业能力欠缺等问题较为突出。《意见》作为中医药知识产权司法保护方面的专门文件,既全面覆盖了中医药知识产权各领域和环节,又立足实践需要突出了重点和难点,正是为了发挥司法机关职能作用,解决以往司法层面对中医药知识产权保护不足的问题,推动中医药高质量发展。

  《意见》出台后有望产生一系列综合效应:一是审判职能得到强化。中医药高质量发展有赖于有力的司法支撑,《意见》的出台有助于各级法院优化审判资源,让法官在审理中医药领域原始创新、智能制造关键技术、重大科研项目相关案件时,实现“能判、愿判、敢判”,强化司法裁判的规则引领和价值导向作用,通过纠纷化解机制切实维护中医药创新主体合法权益。

  二是提高行业创新的积极性,发挥专利制度共享共建的功能。通过确立中医药知识产权的司法导向,加强中医药的专利保护,使中医药企业除了通过“商业秘密”保护外,多了一道“专利保护”的选择,这无疑为部分创新型中医药企业打了一剂“强心针”。同时,随着更多的技术被纳入专利制度框架下进行保护,整个中医药产业交流共进的格局将得到进一步打开,这有利于中医药产业的整体技术革新与进步。

  三是有利于建设更高水平的中医药知识产权综合保护体系。中医药知识产权保护是一项系统工程,《意见》从司法层面强调中医药知识产权保护,既有利于企业之间建立尊重知识产权、有序竞争的秩序,又能够在全社会营造珍视、热爱和发展中医药的良好法治氛围,有利于形成中医药知识产权保护合力。

  为更好地实现司法对中医药知识产权的强有力保护,《意见》出台后,相关部门后续还需要做好相关配套和完善工作:首先,要明确中医药知识产权保护制度的对象,平衡社会公众与中医药知识产权权利人之间的利益。中医药领域的典籍是公开的,这是属于公众的财富,而其中哪些技术具有独创性,是属于个人的,需要精准识别。可以说,区分“进入公共领域的中医药知识”和“值得通过知识产权保护制度保护的中医药技术”是必须先行明确的要点。在准确识别二者的基础上,司法才能既避免错误保护公共领域知识,也避免错过保护值得保护的技术,厘清中医药知识产权的权利边界。

  其次,要注重司法的科学性、技术性。强调中医药知识产权的同时,也需要注意到目前中医药专利领域创造性不足的事实。对司法部门而言,必要时可以通过专家论证等形式征求专业意见,以确保中医药知识产权保护工作的准确性和科学性。

  再次,应当完善配套制度。中医药与其他工艺有区别,对中医药而言,国家应结合中医药领域的特点及特殊保护需求,完善针对祖传秘方等对象的中医药知识产权保护体系。如建立商标、中华老字号海外抢注预警制度、健全道地中药材地理标志保护制度、非物质文化遗产利用制度,在现有的中医药品种保护制度下强调行政责任以外的民事救济途径,以及充分利用药品专利链接制度等。

  最后,解决当事人司法保护的积极性问题。我国中医药知识产权保护案件数量少的一个重要原因,就在于当事人选择司法保护的意愿不强。主管部门可以考虑探索通过政策鼓励的方式,鼓励企业主动开展二次开发与上市后再评价工作,进行专利布局,实现新技术、新工艺、新标准逐步产业化,真正让行业主体重视知识产权,发挥知识产权制度引导中医药市场良性运行的价值。

  (作者:邓 勇,系北京中医药大学岐黄法商研究中心主任、教授)

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